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Mice were housed under controlled temperature (21 ± 2 °C) in a 12 h light-dark cycle.

See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover PGC’S connections and jobs at similar companies. Experiments were performed using male C57BL/6 mice (18 ~ 20 g, Samtako Bio Inc., Osan, Korea). To address this question, we observed the activation of the canonical TGF-β/Smad signal pathway, which is a major signaling pathway in fibrotic progression.

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those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). Total RNA containing miRNA (0.5 to 1 μg) was converted into cDNA using miScript II RT Kit Kit (Qiagen Science, Germantown, MD, USA). TGF-β/Smad signaling is a major pathway in progressive fibrotic processes, and further studies on the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling are still needed for their therapeutic targeting. and S.W.K. ; writing—review and editing, C.S.K., E.H.B., S.K.M. Firstly, the purpose of convergence with the European Community Regulation containing the adopted IAS/IFRS to make the sets of accounting standards compatible, even though the number of options in the new General Accounting Planis more limited than in the European Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was induced by ligation of the left ureter for one week (HK-2 cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), were cultured in complete DMEM-F12 media (WelGene, Daegu, Korea) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 U/mL penicillin and 50 μg/mL streptomycin at 37 °C under a humidified 5% COFor knock-down of PGC-1α, PGC-1α siRNA (ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool, Dhamacon, Cat# L-005111-00-0005) and control siRNA (ON-TARGETplus Non-targeting Control pool, Dhamacon, Cat# D-001810-10-05) were transfected into HK-2 cells at 60% confluence using DhamaFect 1 solution at a final concentration of 10 or 30 nM for 24 h. Cells were starved for one day with serum free media and then stimulated with TGF-To quantify mRNA levels, total RNA was extracted from mouse kidney and HK-2 cells using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen). Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) was shown to improve renal fibrosis, making it an attractive target for chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Real-time PCR was performed using SYBR Green PCR master mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Austin, Texas, USA) and StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Austin, Texas, USA).

The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely Received: 2 September 2019 / Revised: 4 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 October 2019 / Published: 14 October 2019